The importance of human relation in modern industry

By Chintu Varma

Need of human relation:- Before the advent of modern industrialism, business enterprises were very small. They were mostly operated by their owners personally. They employed small numbers of workers from the local area. The owner and the manager were same.business management were carried on according to his personal will. The workers and employers were personally known to each other. Thus the role of employer was just like a batriarch surrounded by a family to whom he owned some considerations and from whom he might expect respectful behaviour. Under these circumstance, the relation between the employer and the workers were direct and personal. Even to day businessmen  of small means and local operation still retain some characteristic.

     The paternalistic relation between the employers and the workers were modified after the emergence of big business. The developed means of transport produced mass markets new scientific inventions created new products.The steam and electricity provided power for industry. therefore the structure of industries was greatly modified. Management of industries become impersonal and created many social and human problems. In fact modern industry is not merely a factory or work place. It is a complex system which involves the pattern of interaction between people who are responding to each other in terms of there roles in work organisation. modern industry has become a social old in itself. according to Moore, "industry is social as well as mechanical, an organised group of workers as well as an efficient grouping of machines" therefore the study of human relations with reference to industry is of great importance.

     The pattern of modern industrial organisation is of bureaucratic type which involves various management problems. modern industry reveals the characteristics of a social system. its maintenance requires adequate diagnosis and understanding of both individual and groups within the factory. therefore, in response to the various problems which arise with in industry, a new approach been evolved known as 'Human relations'.

     The human relations approach:-the human relation approach to management is of recent origin.the haw throne studies in USA have largely stimulated the rise of this new approach. the approach is obviously based on the knowledge regarding human beings. although, the old approach to management organisation, is still an important part of modern industry, yet the development of human relations approach is of considerable importance. the detects and failures of bureaucratic management organisation, have compelled people to think about the new approach.

The main objectives of human relations approach in business organisation 

(i) Productivity 

(ii) Worker satisfaction as such the approach is oriented to achieve these twin objectives. 

Under these approach much importance is given to the interpersonal and organisational circumstances of the job.

     The various studies conducted with regard to human relations demonstrate that a properly motivated group of workers can produce More even adverse conditions. therefore, in order to increase the production and worker satisfaction, informal organisation and human attitudes must be considered to be the vital parts of industry, in this regard, Charles B. spoulding has pointed out the demerits of the older system as under:-

      "While many of techniques of the order management theory have continued to be found useful, as a series of the research endeavor and theoretical analyses has pointed out that its highly formalised approach often fails to function in accordance to the original intent; the workers of often deliberately limit production; incentive plans based on time and motion studies are exceeding difficult to administer; conflicts develop between line and staff officers rules are some times, ignored, frequently failed to motivate workers, and many actually perpetuate the conditions they we designed to overcome; specialized bureaucrats fail to see beyond their own specialities is poorly disturbed in the organisation as career ladder become fixed, and promotion by seniority is established the organisation may fail to adjust to a changing environments simply cannot deal with the size and complexity involved,"