Initiating And Managing An Energy Management Program

Once a corporate decision has been made to initiate an energy management program, a special management structure within the company's organizational framework needs to be created, in view of the special role of energy as a common input across different divisions, departments and sections.

The energy management structure will depend on the size of the enterprise, its functions organization and its manufacturing activities. In large enterprises having several plants, an energy manager reporting to the plant manger and to the corporate energy manager would be responsible for the energy management coordinators in each division. At the department level, the most effective practice is to make a supervisor responsible for the energy management program.

The structure in medium size companies could be similar to that for a single plant in large companies. In small companies, it may not be necessary to have an energy manager at all. This role could be assigned

to any of the mangers responsible for engineering, maintenance or production, or to a senior staff member.

A useful practice is for the energy managers and coordinators to be assisted by committees consisting of representatives of various functional areas such as engineering, maintenance, utilities, production, etc. These committees would assist in developing programs and  formulating plans, serve as a channel for communication back to personnel in their functional areas, and also serve as a forum for review and generation of ideas.

while considerable management effort is expended in monitoring  raw material consumption or production output, very little or no real attention is generally paid to monitoring energy consumption. 

It is generally ignored in the belief that the energy use cannot be controlled. A focal point in the form of energy manager would be very essential, particularly in large organization. plant energy management programs should be set up to include: 

• Audits of energy consuming activities, to document clearly all facets of energy use and to identify conservation opportunities.
• Target/goals for energy efficiency improvement, which will be based on the initial plant audits, and which will include careful consideration of implementation schedules.
• Monitoring of energy consumption and related production activities, on a regular basis, in order to check on progress towards targets, to identify problem areas at an early stage, and to develop modified targets for year to year, as appropriate.  
• Training programs and the availability of technical and engineering information to encourage energy efficiency, and to provide employees with the needed skills to achieve improved performance.
• Development of capital investment programs oriented to improved energy efficiency, including better control systems for operating plants.
• Comprehensive and clear reporting systems including financial controls and accountability for energy efficiency performance within appropriate departments or subdivisions for the plant, including the analysis of variations in the actual and expected performances.

Organising An Energy Management Program

Basically, Management is the effective utilization of human and material resources to achieve stated objectives. Effective energy management within an industrial enterprise requires:

• commitment of all and particularly the active commitment of top management to authorize the necessary resources. 
• communications across all levels in the company, from the highest management levels to the operating personnel and shift workers. 
• A structure within the company which results in properly identified responsibilities and lines of authority. 
• Involvement of personnel at all levels in the setting of energy efficiency improvement  goals, and in the improvement of operating standards and performance generally.
• A focal point  for all energy related matters, and involvement of decision makers of the company. 
• Expertise in all technical and economic matters relating to energy use.

The continuing commitment, concern and interest of top management in energy management are essential pre-requisites for a successful program. The appointment of energy management is a recent innovation. The Energy manager usually has overall plant or company responsibility for energy supply and energy use, and reports to senior management. He would normally be responsible for the co-ordination and direction of the plants energy conservation program. 

Principles Of Energy Management

Energy management is to provide the manufacturing plants with measured analysis of their consumption and costs, and to provide the plants with the information leading to areas where energy saving opportunities may exist.


Energy management broadly involves two aspects-energy conservation and energy substitution.

      Energy conservation can be taken to be the reduction in the amount of energy consumed in manufacturing a given quantity of product or providing a particular service. Conservation does not mean reducing manufacturing output or doing without services previously enjoyed: it simply means utilizing available energy resources more efficiently. Energy substitution is concerned with replacement of one fuel by more abundant and /or cheaper fuels. A broad understanding and appreciation of some general principles is important:

• The manner and extent of all energy use should be examined, including the appropriateness of the process/plant items used and the size of the plant item. This examination should, of course, be carried out to the level of details justified by the cost of energy consumed in the corresponding stage of the process. Initially, most effort should be directed towards energy intensive process.
• An essential element of energy conservation is the systematic measurement of plant energy and material flows. consistent units and definitions should be used if measurements and comparisons with other processes are to be meaningful.
• In order to carry out accurate energy and material flow measurements, the use of properly calibrated and maintained instrumentation is necessary. Adequate instrumentation is required for both diagnostic "energy audits" and for the optimum control of energy use during normal plant operations.
• Process waste, such as the production of off grade products, is waste of energy and other important elements of manufacturing cost. Reduction in waste is particularly important where the materials involved have high intrinsic energy contents. Metals, cement, glass, paper, plastics & refractories are examples of high intrinsic materials.
• Much conservation work is concerned with trying to achieve the same process transformation with a lower input of energy, or attempting to increase the amount of work by a given amount of energy input. Most process energy is lost ultimately to the outside environment in the form of heat. The maximum amount of useful work should be obtained at each stage of temperature or pressure reduction in the process. Sources of heat loss should be identified and the process examined to see if the heat loss can either be prevented or recovered for lower grade process use.
• Each individual energy conservation saving should be analyzed to ensure that it does not cause process changes which result in an increase in the overall amount of energy used or detrimental effects in the product or production rate. 
• Some energy conservation improvements require investment in new equipment. Investment in such equipment is likely to be inhibited if there is not an appropriate economic framework and guidelines for the evaluation of energy conservation projects.
• Much energy conservation can be achieved by the cumulative effect of many small efficiency improvements. Although it is sometimes possible to identify a few major improvement areas, including many individually small items may be the optimum approach.

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Nuclear energy

It is the potential energy present in the nucleus of an atom , due to forces between the fundamental particles.

For utilization of any type of potential energy, it has to be converted to kinetic energy by some device, since work is done only by bodies possessing kinetic energy

Chemical Energy

It is the potential energy present in a substance due to forces between atoms which form the molecules of the substance. during a chemical change, there is change in chemical energies of substances.

Identification of Heart Stroke

STROKE: Remember The 1st Three Letters... S.T..R ...

My friend sent this to me and encouraged me to post it and spread the word. I agree. If everyone can remember something this simple, we could save some folks. 

STROKE IDENTIFICATION:
During a party, a friend stumbled and took a little fall - she assured everyone that she was fine and just tripped over a brick because of her new shoes. (they offered to call ambulance)

They got her cleaned up and got her a new plate of food - while she appeared a bit shaken up, Ingrid went about enjoying herself the rest of the evening. Ingrid's husband called later telling everyone that his wife had been taken to the hospital - (at 6:00pm , Ingrid passed away.)
She had suffered a stroke at the party . Had they known how to identify the signs of a stroke, perhaps Ingrid would be with us today.

Some don't die. They end up in a helpless, hopeless condition instead. It only takes a minute to read this...

STROKE IDENTIFICATION:

A neurologist says that if he can get to a stroke victim within 3 hours he can totally reverse the effects of a stroke...totally. He said the trick was getting a stroke recognized, diagnosed, and then getting the patient medically cared for within 3 hours, which is tough.

RECOGNIZING A STROKE

Remember the '3' steps, STR . Read and Learn!
Sometimes symptoms of a stroke are difficult to identify. Unfortunately, the lack of awareness spells disaster.
The stroke victim may suffer severe brain damage when people nearby fail to recognize the symptoms of a stroke.
Now doctors say a bystander can recognize a stroke by asking three simple questions :

S * Ask the individual to SMILE ..
T * = TALK. Ask the person to SPEAK A SIMPLE SENTENCE (Coherently) (eg 'It is sunny out today').
R * Ask him or her to RAISE BOTH ARMS .

If he or she has trouble with ANY ONE of these tasks, call the ambulance and describe the symptoms to the dispatcher.

NOTE : Another 'sign' of a stroke is
1. Ask the person to 'stick' out their tongue.
2. If the tongue is 'crooked', if it goes to one side or the other that is also an indication of a stroke.

A prominent cardiologist says if everyone who gets this e-mail sends it to 10 people; you can bet that at least one life will be saved.a